A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

The Macedonian army was the army of Macedon under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great. Macedonian army became noted for its speed of movement and proficiency in combat as one of the most effective and successful armies in the ancient world during the Rise of Macedon under Philip II and the campaigns of Alexander. After gaining an ascendancy in Greece the army was instrumental in the conquest of large swathes of territory stretching from Egypt in the west to India in the east. Initially of little account in the Greek world, Macedon was widely regarded as a second-rate power before being made formidable by Philip II, whose son and successor, Alexander the Great, conquered the Achaemenid Empire in just over a decade.