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1947

New post-war Japanese constitution goes into effect

New post-war Japanese constitution goes into effect.

1808

Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia

Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia.

1808

Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill

Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill.

1616

Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war

Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war.

1970

Vietnam War: Kent State shootings: The Ohio National Guard, sent to Kent State University after disturbances in the city

Vietnam War: Kent State shootings: The Ohio National Guard, sent to Kent State University after disturbances in the city of Kent the weekend before, opens fire killing four unarmed students and woundi�

1823

Brazilian War of Independence: A Brazilian squadron led by Lord Cochrane engages a Portuguese squadron under João de Cam

Brazilian War of Independence: A Brazilian squadron led by Lord Cochrane engages a Portuguese squadron under João de Campos off Salvador, Bahia.

1799

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The Battle of Seringapatam: The siege of Seringapatam ends when the city is invaded and Tipu Su

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The Battle of Seringapatam: The siege of Seringapatam ends when the city is invaded and Tipu Sultan killed by the besieging British army, under the command of General George H�

1471

Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury: Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward of Westminster, Princ

Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury: Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.

1877

American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army un

American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.

1865

American Civil War: The Confederate government was declared dissolved at Washington, Georgia

American Civil War: The Confederate government was declared dissolved at Washington, Georgia.

1864

American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County

American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County.

1863

American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with a major defeat of the Union's Army of the Potomac under Jos

American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with a major defeat of the Union's Army of the Potomac under Joseph Hooker by the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee.

1861

American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union

American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.

1757

Battle of Prague: A Prussian army fights an Austrian army in Prague during the Seven Years' War

Battle of Prague: A Prussian army fights an Austrian army in Prague during the Seven Years' War.

1999

Kosovo War: Three Chinese citizens are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft inadvertently bombs the Chinese embass

Kosovo War: Three Chinese citizens are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft inadvertently bombs the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.

1960

Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Ga

Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers.

1954

Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Viet Minh victory (the battle began on March 13

Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Viet Minh victory (the battle began on March 13).

1937

Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco

Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.

1920

Polish–Soviet War: Kyiv offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symboli

Polish–Soviet War: Kyiv offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kyiv only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-off�

1864

American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S

American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.