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Fertilisation of Orchids, the first book by Charles Darwin which demonstrated the power of natural selection in detail, was published.
Bach led the first performance of his cantata Ich bin ein guter Hirt, BWV 85, about Jesus as the Good Shepherd.
Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage.
The First Congo War came to an end when Laurent-Désiré Kabila proclaimed himself president of Zaire, which was also renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The first copies of the children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum were printed.
First Indochina War: Viet Minh forces overran a French and Laotian garrison at Muong Khoua, leaving only four survivors.
Japanese climber Junko Tabei (pictured) became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
American physicist Theodore Maiman operated the first working laser at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu.
The Tritons' Fountain in Valletta, one of Malta's most important Modernist landmarks, was turned on for the first time.
The first Academy Awards ceremony was held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California.
The United States Congress authorized the minting of the Shield nickel (example pictured), the country's first five-cent piece to be made of a copper–nickel alloy.
The first of two major earthquakes struck Northern Italy, resulting in seven deaths.
The first session of the National Diet opened in Tokyo, Japan.
Thomas Thorpe published the first copies of Shakespeare's sonnets, possibly without William Shakespeare's consent.
Ulysses, who would be famously depicted in a posthumous woodcut, landed in Lisbon, becoming the first of his species to visit Europe in a thousand years.
First Barons' War: English forces under William Marshal defeated French troops at the Battle of Lincoln.
The first Blackwall Tunnel under the River Thames was opened to improve commerce and trade in the East End of London.
The Airbus A300, the first twin-engined wide-body airliner, went into service with Air France.
Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, annulled Henry VIII's marriage to his first wife Catherine of Aragon (pictured), beginning events that would culminate in the English Reformation.
The first edition of the Eurovision Song Contest was held in Lugano, Switzerland.