Explore 44 historical events from 1260–1269.
The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by …
Second Barons' War: King Henry III was defeated at the Battle of Lewes and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simo
The Reconquista or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military campaigns by northern Iberian Christian polities against Muslim-ruled al-Andalus, which had previously been part …
Reconquista: In the early stages of the Mudéjar revolt, Muslim rebels captured the Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera in…
Ladislaus IV of Hungary, also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan…
Ladislaus IV of Hungary (died 1290)
Giles of Assisi, was one of the original companions of Francis of Assisi and holds a leading place among them. St. Francis called him "The Knight of our Round Table".
Aegidius of Assisi, companion of Saint Francis of Assisi
Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester, 2nd Lord of Glamorgan, 8th Lord of Clare was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, and Isabel Marshal. …
Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (born 1222)
Constantinople, the modern Istanbul, was the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empire from 330 until its takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. After this, it continued to functi…
The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos,…
Arthur II, of the House of Dreux, was Duke of Brittany from 1305 to his death. He was the first son of John II and Beatrice, daughter of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provenc…
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (died 1312)
Pope Alexander IV was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261. In 1255, Alexander IV canonized Saint Clare of Assisi, f…
Pope Alexander IV (born 1185)
Matilda of Brandenburg, a member of the House of Ascania, was first Duchess consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1235 to 1252 by her marriage with the Welf duke Otto the Child.
Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (born 1210)
Adolf IV was a Count of Schauenburg (1225–1238) and of Holstein (1227–1238), of the House of Schaumburg. Adolf was the eldest son of Adolf III of Schauenburg and Holstein by his se…
Adolf IV of Holstein, Count of Schauenburg
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1261 until his death in 1282, and previously as the co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261. …
Michael VIII Palaiologos leads triumphal procession into Constantinople following its recapture and is crowned…
Alexios Komnenos Strategopoulos was a Byzantine aristocrat and general who rose to the rank of megas domestikos and Caesar. Distantly related to the Komnenian dynasty, he appears i…
Alexios Strategopoulos led Nicaean forces to recapture Constantinople, leading to the reestablishment of the Byzantine…
The struggle for Constantinople was a complex series of conflicts following the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, fought between t…
Struggle for Constantinople: Alexios Strategopoulos led Nicaean forces to recapture Constantinople, leading to the…
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1261 until his death in 1282, and previously as the co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261. …
Michael VIII Palaiologos was crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.
Kublai Khan, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. …
Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561, it was a member of the "Livonian Confederation".
The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of…
Kyawswa was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1289 to 1297. Son of the last sovereign king of Pagan Narathihapate, Kyawswa was one of many "kings" that emerged afte…
Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (died 1299)
Luchesius Modestini, TOSF is honored by tradition within the Franciscan Order as being, along with his wife, Buonadonna de' Segni, the first members of the Franciscan Order of Pena…
Luchesius Modestini, founding member of the Third Order of St
Walter of Kirkham was a medieval English official who held the positions of Keeper of the Wardrobe, Dean of York, and Bishop of Durham. He was elected bishop over Aymer de Valence,…
Walter of Kirkham, Bishop of Durham
The Livonian crusade consisted of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in…
Livonian Crusade: Samogitian forces defeated Teutonic knights and the Livonian Order at the Battle of Durbe.