Explore 238 historical events from 1640–1649.
The Yangzhou Massacre refers to the mass killing of people in Yangzhou, China, in May, 1645. Commanded by the Manchu prince Dodo, following the collapse of the Ming dynasty, Qing d…
Yangzhou massacre: The ten day massacre of the residents of the city of Yangzhou, part of the Transition from Ming to Qi
William Salmon was an English empiric doctor and a writer of medical texts. He advertised himself as a "Professor of Physick". Salmon held an equivocal place in the medical communi…
William Salmon, English medical writer (died 1713)
The transition from Ming to Qing, also known as the Manchu conquest of China or Ming-Qing transition, was a decades-long period of conflict between the Qing dynasty, established by…
Transition from Ming to Qing: The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming China, commits suicide during a peasant re
Tommaso Aniello, popularly known by the contracted name of Masaniello, was an Italian fisherman, who led the Neapolitan Revolt of 1647 against the rule of Habsburg Spain in the Kin…
Masaniello, Italian rebel (born 1622)
Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau was a French abbess. She was the fourth daughter of William the Silent and his third spouse Charlotte of Bourbon.
Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau (born 1579)
Jules Hardouin-Mansart was a French Baroque architect and builder whose major work included the Place des Victoires (1684–1690); Place Vendôme (1690); the domed chapel of Les Inval…
Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French architect (probable; (died 1708)
Canonicus was a chief of the Narragansett people. He was wary of the colonial settlers, but he ultimately befriended Roger Williams and other settlers.
Canonicus, Grand Chief Sachem of the Narragansett (born 1565)
The Battle of Zusmarshausen was fought on 17 May 1648 between Bavarian-Imperial forces under von Holzappel and an allied Franco-Swedish army under the command of Carl Gustaf Wrange…
An allied French and Swedish army defeats Imperial and Bavarian forces in the Battle of Zusmarshausen
The Peace of Münster, signed on 30 January 1648, was a treaty between Philip IV of Spain and the Lords States General of the Dutch Republic. Negotiated in parallel to, but not part…
The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty
The Parliamentarians, commonly called Roundheads by their enemies and in modern historiography, were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–…
The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War
Castro was an ancient city on the west side of Lake Bolsena in the present-day comune of Ischia di Castro, northern Lazio, Italy. It was destroyed at the conclusion of the Wars of …
The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
The Siege of Drogheda, 3 to 11 September 1649, took place at the start of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. The port of Drogheda was held by a mixed garrison of Irish Catholics …
Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
New Ross is a town in southwest County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Barrow on the border with County Kilkenny, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Waterford. In 2022, it had a pop…
New Ross town in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction. In most countries with a parliamentary system of governme…
An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565–1898), dozens of revolts against the Spanish colonial government were made by Indios, Moros, Lumad, Chinese (Sangleys), …
Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorit
The Sack of Wexford took place from 2 to 11 October 1649, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, part of the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars. English Commonwealth forces unde…
Cromwell's New Model Army sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundela was the Bundela Maharaja of Panna or Maharaja of Bundelkhand from 1675 to 1731. He is well known for his resistance against the Mughal Empire and leadin…
Chhatrasal, Indian ruler (died 1731)
Adrien Baillet was a French scholar and critic. He is now best known as a biographer of René Descartes.
Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (died 1706)
William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland was a Dutch-born British courtier and diplomat who became in an early stage the favourite of William, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder in the Ne…
William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (died 1709)
Pope Clement XI, born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721.
Pope Clement XI (died 1721)
Titus Oates was an English Anglican priest who fabricated the "Popish Plot", a supposed Catholic conspiracy to kill King Charles II.
Titus Oates, English minister, fabricated the Popish Plot (died 1705)
Friedrich Spanheim the Elder was a Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden.
Friedrich Spanheim, Swiss theologian and academic (born 1600)
Manuel de Faria e Sousa was a Portuguese historian and poet who frequently wrote in Spanish.
Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (born 1590)
Injo, personal name Yi Jong, was the 16th monarch of Joseon. He was the eldest son of Prince Jeongwon and a grandson of King Seonjo, and ascended to the throne after leading a coup…
Injo of Joseon, Korean king (born 1595)
Sir Robert Dudley was an English explorer and cartographer. In 1594, he led an expedition to the West Indies, of which he wrote an account. The illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, 1…
Robert Dudley, English geographer and explorer (born 1574)
John Floyd was an English Jesuit, known as a controversialist. He is known under the pseudonyms Daniel à Jesu, Hermannus Loemelius, and George White under which he published.
John Floyd, English priest and educator (born 1572)
Giovanni Diodati or Deodati was a Genevan-born Italian Calvinist theologian and translator. His translation of the Bible into Italian from Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Syriac sources …
Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian clergyman and theologian (born 1576)
Simon Vouet was a French painter who studied and rose to prominence in Italy before being summoned by Louis XIII to serve as Premier peintre du Roi in France. He and his studio of …
Simon Vouet, French painter (born 1590)
Isaac van Ostade was a Dutch genre and landscape painter.
Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1621)
The Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland, 1649 to 1653, refers to the occupation of Ireland by Commonwealth forces, initially led by Oliver Cromwell. It concluded the 1641 to 1653 Irish…
Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army ended the Siege of Drogheda, took over the town and…
The Peace of Münster, signed on 30 January 1648, was a treaty between Philip IV of Spain and the Lords States General of the Dutch Republic. Negotiated in parallel to, but not part…
The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty
The Battle of Zusmarshausen was fought on 17 May 1648 between Bavarian-Imperial forces under von Holzappel and an allied Franco-Swedish army under the command of Carl Gustaf Wrange…
An allied French and Swedish army defeats Imperial and Bavarian forces in the Battle of Zusmarshausen
The Parliamentarians, commonly called Roundheads by their enemies and in modern historiography, were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–…
The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War
Mehmed IV, nicknamed as Mehmed the Hunter, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the age of six after his father was overthrown in a coup…
Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman sultan.