Explore 854 historical events from 1860–1869.
Clarkson Frederick Stanfield was an English artist best known for his large-scale paintings of marine art and landscapes. A former sailor he became celebrated for his Romantic seas…
Clarkson Stanfield, English painter (born 1793)
Thomas Bulfinch was an American author born in Newton, Massachusetts, known best for Bulfinch's Mythology, a posthumous combination of his three volumes of mythologies.
Thomas Bulfinch American mythologist (born 1796)
Ramón Castilla y Marquesado was a Peruvian caudillo who served twice as President of Peru, first in 1845–1851, and then in 1855–1862. He also led a Military junta in 1844, and was …
Ramón Castilla, Peruvian military leader and politician, President of Peru (born 1797)
Miguel Gregorio de la Luz Atenógenes Miramón y Tarelo, known as Miguel Miramón, was a Mexican conservative general who disputed the Mexican presidency with Benito Juárez at the age…
Miguel Miramón, Unconstitutional president of Mexico, 1859-1860 (born 1832)
Maximilian I was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867.
Maximilian I of Mexico (born 1832)
Otto was King of Greece from the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece on 7 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed in October 1862.
Otto, king of Greece (born 1815)
August Böckh was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.
August Böckh, German historian and scholar (born 1785)
Juan Nepomuceno Álvarez Hurtado de Luna, generally known as Juan Álvarez, was a general, long-time caudillo in southern Mexico, and president of Mexico for two months in 1855, foll…
Juan Álvarez, Mexican general and president (1855) (born 1790)
Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy was a French satirical poet. His name can hardly be separated from that of his friend and compatriot, Joseph Méry (1798–1866), with whom he carried on …
Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy, French poet and author (born 1796)
The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Repres…
The United States Congress established the Indian Peace Commission to seek peace treaties with a number of Native…
Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist who contributed vastly to the study of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. His main discoveries include the principles under…
Michael Faraday, English physicist and chemist (born 1791)
The second French intervention in Mexico, also known as the Second Franco-Mexican War (1861–1867), was a military invasion of the Republic of Mexico by the French Empire of Napoleo…
Second French intervention in Mexico: Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico was executed by firing squad in Querétaro City
Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for mourning the U.S. military personnel who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. It is observed on the last…
Memorial Day first celebrated in United States at Waterloo, New York
The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Repres…
The United States Congress establishes the nickel
Oliver Fisher Winchester was an American businessman and politician, best known as being the founder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.
Oliver Winchester founded the Winchester Repeating Arms
The Battle of Custoza took place on the 24 June 1866 during the Third Italian War of Independence in the Italian unification process.
Battle of Custoza: An Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War
Transatlantic telegraph cables are undersea cables running under the Atlantic Ocean which were used for telegraph communications.
The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland,…
The Grand Duchy of Baden was a German polity on the east bank of the Rhine. It originally existed as a sovereign state from 1806 to 1871 and later as part of the German Empire unti…
The Grand Duchy of Baden announces its withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and…
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government an…
President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over.
José de Diego y Martínez was a Puerto Rican statesman, journalist, poet, lawyer, and advocate for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain and later of Puerto Rican ind…
José de Diego, Puerto Rican journalist, lawyer, and politician (died 1918)
The Memphis massacre of 1866 was a rebellion with a series of violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866, in Memphis, Tennessee. The racial violence was ignited by politica…
The Memphis Race Riots begin
Peruvians are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvia…
Peruvian defenders fight off the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao
Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revi…
Bedrich Smetana's comic opera The Bartered Bride premiered in Prague
The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish republican organisation founded in the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister o…
The Fenians defeat Canadian forces at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, but the raids end soon after