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1644

English Civil War: Royalist troops stormed and captured the Parliamentarian stronghold of Bolton, leading to a massacre

English Civil War: Royalist troops stormed and captured the Parliamentarian stronghold of Bolton, leading to a massacre

1644

First English Civil War: Prince Maurice abandoned his siege of Lyme Regis in Dorset after learning of the approach of a

First English Civil War: Prince Maurice abandoned his siege of Lyme Regis in Dorset after learning of the approach of a

1644

First English Civil War: Prince Maurice abandoned his siege of Lyme Regis in Dorset after learning of the approach of a

First English Civil War: Prince Maurice abandoned his siege of Lyme Regis in Dorset after learning of the approach of a

1643

First English Civil War: Despite being vastly outnumbered, a Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Roya

First English Civil War: Despite being vastly outnumbered, a Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Roya

1643

First English Civil War: Despite being vastly outnumbered, a Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Roya

First English Civil War: Despite being vastly outnumbered, a Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Roya

1643

First English Civil War: The first siege of Wardour Castle ended after six days with the surrender of the Royalist garri

First English Civil War: The first siege of Wardour Castle ended after six days with the surrender of the Royalist garri

1629

Albrecht von Wallenstein and King Christian IV of Denmark signed the Treaty of Lübeck to end Danish intervention in the

Albrecht von Wallenstein and King Christian IV of Denmark signed the Treaty of Lübeck to end Danish intervention in the

1629

Albrecht von Wallenstein and King Christian IV of Denmark signed the Treaty of Lübeck to end Danish intervention in the

Albrecht von Wallenstein and King Christian IV of Denmark signed the Treaty of Lübeck to end Danish intervention in the

1627

Dutch explorer Pieter Nuyts was appointed governor of Formosa (modern-day Taiwan) by the Dutch East India Company

Dutch explorer Pieter Nuyts was appointed governor of Formosa (modern-day Taiwan) by the Dutch East India Company

1626

Having been appointed the director-general of New Netherland, Peter Minuit arrived in Manhattan

Having been appointed the director-general of New Netherland, Peter Minuit arrived in Manhattan

1625

Dutch–Portuguese War: Portuguese and Spanish forces recaptured the Brazilian city of Bahia, which had previously been ca

Dutch–Portuguese War: Portuguese and Spanish forces recaptured the Brazilian city of Bahia, which had previously been ca

1625

Dutch–Portuguese War: Portuguese and Spanish forces recaptured the Brazilian city of Bahia, which had previously been ca

Dutch–Portuguese War: Portuguese and Spanish forces recaptured the Brazilian city of Bahia, which had previously been ca

1624

Thirty Years' War: France and the Dutch Republic concluded the Treaty of Compiègne, a mutual defence alliance

Thirty Years' War: France and the Dutch Republic concluded the Treaty of Compiègne, a mutual defence alliance

1624

Thirty Years' War: France and the Dutch Republic concluded the Treaty of Compiègne, a mutual defence alliance

Thirty Years' War: France and the Dutch Republic concluded the Treaty of Compiègne, a mutual defence alliance

1616

The Treaty of Loudun was signed, ending a war that originally began as a power struggle for the French throne

The Treaty of Loudun was signed, ending a war that originally began as a power struggle for the French throne

1616

The Treaty of Loudun was signed, ending a war that originally began as a power struggle for the French throne

The Treaty of Loudun was signed, ending a war that originally began as a power struggle for the French throne

1602

Anglo-Spanish War: The English navy defeated a Spanish–Portuguese fleet off Sesimbra, Portugal, and captured a carrack

Anglo-Spanish War: The English navy defeated a Spanish–Portuguese fleet off Sesimbra, Portugal, and captured a carrack

1568

The Dutch Revolt broke out when rebels led by Louis of Nassau (pictured) invaded Friesland at the Battle of Heiligerlee

The Dutch Revolt broke out when rebels led by Louis of Nassau (pictured) invaded Friesland at the Battle of Heiligerlee

1555

Gian Pietro Carafa became Pope Paul IV, beginning a tumultuous four-year papacy during which the Papal States suffered a

Gian Pietro Carafa became Pope Paul IV, beginning a tumultuous four-year papacy during which the Papal States suffered a

1549

The first Book of Common Prayer was legally mandated by Parliament, introducing a fully vernacular Protestant liturgy to

The first Book of Common Prayer was legally mandated by Parliament, introducing a fully vernacular Protestant liturgy to